2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
These effects on the metabolite are not expected to be of clinical consequence.
- Taking 200mg sildenafil citrate may increase risks of headache and flushing.
- Do not combine sildenafil citrate with nitrate medications due to dangerous interactions.
- Alcohol can amplify sildenafil side effects; restrict intake when using this medication.
Effects of sildenafil tablets on Other Drugs In a study of healthy male volunteers, sildenafil (100 mg) did not affect the steady state pharmacokinetics of the HIV protease inhibitors, saquinavir and ritonavir, both of which are CYP3A4 substrates. Sildenafil citrate (50 mg) did not potentiate the increase in bleeding time caused by aspirin (150 mg).
Shipping Information
These effects on the metabolite are not expected to be of clinical consequence. Effects of sildenafil tablets on Other Drugs In a study of healthy male volunteers, sildenafil (100 mg) did not affect the steady state pharmacokinetics of the HIV protease inhibitors, saquinavir and ritonavir, both of which are CYP3A4 substrates. Sildenafil citrate (50 mg) did not potentiate the increase in bleeding time caused by aspirin (150 mg). Sildenafil at steady state, at a dose not approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (80 mg t.i.d.) resulted in a 50% increase in AUC and a 42% increase in Cmax of bosentan (125 mg b.i.d.). 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityCarcinogenesisSildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to rats for 24 months at a dose resulting in total systemic drug exposure (AUCs) for unbound sildenafil and its major metabolite of 20- and 38- times, for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures observed in human males given the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 100 mg.
Does sildenafil interact with other medicines (drug interactions)?
Sildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to mice for 18-21 months at dosages up to the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of 10 mg/kg/day, approximately 0.4 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis in a 50 kg subject.MutagenesisSildenafil was negative in in vitro bacterial and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays to detect mutagenicity, and in vitro human lymphocytes and in vivo mouse micronucleus assays to detect clastogenicity.Impairment of FertilityThere was no impairment of fertility in rats given sildenafil up to 60 mg/kg/day for 36 days to females and 102 days to males, a dose producing an AUC value of more than 25 times the human male AUC. Sildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to rats for 24 months at a dose resulting in total systemic drug exposure (AUCs) for unbound sildenafil and its major metabolite of 20- and 38- times, for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures observed in human males given the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 100 mg. Sildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to mice for 18-21 months at dosages up to the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of 10 mg/kg/day, approximately 0.4 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis in a 50 kg subject. Sildenafil was negative in in vitro bacterial and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays to detect mutagenicity, and in vitro human lymphocytes and in vivo mouse micronucleus assays to detect clastogenicity. There was no impairment of fertility in rats given sildenafil up to 60 mg/kg/day for 36 days to females and 102 days to males, a dose producing an AUC value of more than 25 times the human male AUC. Sildenafil at steady state, at a dose not approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (80 mg t.i.d.) resulted in a 50% increase in AUC and a 42% increase in Cmax of bosentan (125 mg b.i.d.).
| Contraindication | Explanation | Alternative Action |
|---|---|---|
| Use with Nitrates | Risk of severe hypotension | Avoid combined use |
| Severe Liver Impairment | Reduced metabolism, increased side effects | Consult healthcare provider |
| Hypotension (<90/60 mm Hg) | Sildenafil can lower blood pressure further | Monitor blood pressure before use |
| Recent Stroke or Heart Attack | Increased cardiovascular risk | Medical consultation prior to use |
| Allergic Reaction to Sildenafil | Risk of anaphylaxis | Discontinue use, seek medical advice |
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityCarcinogenesisSildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to rats for 24 months at a dose resulting in total systemic drug exposure (AUCs) for unbound sildenafil and its major metabolite of 20- and 38- times, for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures observed in human males given the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 100 mg. Sildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to mice for 18-21 months at dosages up to the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of 10 mg/kg/day, approximately 0.4 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis in a 50 kg subject.MutagenesisSildenafil was negative in in vitro bacterial and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays to detect mutagenicity, and in vitro human lymphocytes and in vivo mouse micronucleus assays to detect clastogenicity.Impairment of FertilityThere was no impairment of fertility in rats given sildenafil up to 60 mg/kg/day for 36 days to females and 102 days to males, a dose producing an AUC value of more than 25 times the human male AUC. Sildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to rats for 24 months at a dose resulting in total systemic drug exposure (AUCs) for unbound sildenafil and its major metabolite of 20- and 38- times, for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures observed in human males given the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 100 mg. Sildenafil was not carcinogenic when administered to mice for 18-21 months at dosages up to the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of 10 mg/kg/day, approximately 0.4 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis in a 50 kg subject. Sildenafil was negative in in vitro bacterial and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays to detect mutagenicity, and in vitro human lymphocytes and in vivo mouse micronucleus assays to detect clastogenicity. There was no impairment of fertility in rats given sildenafil up to 60 mg/kg/day for 36 days to females and 102 days to males, a dose producing an AUC value of more than 25 times the human male AUC. 14 CLINICAL STUDIES In clinical studies, sildenafil tablets were assessed for its effect on the ability of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to engage in sexual activity and in many cases specifically on the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. Sildenafil tablets were evaluated primarily at doses of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg in 21 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of up to 6 months in duration, using a variety of study designs (fixed dose, titration, parallel, crossover). Sildenafil tablets were administered to more than 3,000 patients aged 19 to 87 years, with ED of various etiologies (organic, sildenafil softgel capsule psychogenic, mixed) with a mean duration of 5 years. Sildenafil tablets demonstrated statistically significant improvement compared to placebo in all 21 studies. The studies that established benefit demonstrated improvements in success rates for sexual intercourse compared with placebo.Efficacy Endpoints in Controlled Clinical StudiesThe effectiveness of sildenafil tablets were evaluated in most studies using several assessment instruments. The primary measure in the principal studies was a sexual function questionnaire (the International Index of Erectile Function - IIEF) administered during a 4-week treatment-free run-in period, at baseline, at follow-up visits, and at the end of double-blind, placebo-controlled, at-home treatment. Two of the questions from the IIEF served as primary study endpoints; categorical responses were elicited to questions about (1) the ability to achieve erections sufficient for sexual intercourse and (2) the maintenance of erections after penetration.
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The patient addressed both questions at the final visit for the last 4 weeks of the study. The possible categorical responses to these questions were (0) no attempted intercourse, (1) never or almost never, (2) a few times, (3) sometimes, (4) most times, and (5) almost always or always. Also collected as part of the IIEF was information about other aspects of sexual function, including information on erectile function, orgasm, desire, satisfaction with intercourse, and overall sexual satisfaction. Sexual function data were also recorded by patients in a daily diary. In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered.Efficacy Results from Controlled Clinical StudiesThe effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. Results with all doses have been pooled, but scores showed greater improvement at the 50 and 100 mg doses than at 25 mg.
2.4 Dosage Adjustments Due to Drug Interactions
14 CLINICAL STUDIES In clinical studies, sildenafil tablets were assessed for its effect on the ability of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to engage in sexual activity and in many cases specifically on the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. Sildenafil tablets were evaluated primarily at doses of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg in 21 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of up to 6 months in duration, using a variety of study designs (fixed dose, titration, parallel, crossover). Sildenafil tablets were administered to more than 3,000 patients aged 19 to 87 years, with ED of various etiologies (organic, sildenafil softgel capsule psychogenic, mixed) with a mean duration of 5 years. Sildenafil tablets demonstrated statistically significant improvement compared to placebo in all 21 studies. The studies that established benefit demonstrated improvements in success rates for sexual intercourse compared with placebo.Efficacy Endpoints in Controlled Clinical StudiesThe effectiveness of sildenafil tablets were evaluated in most studies using several assessment instruments.
What should I do if I accidentally use too much sildenafil?
The primary measure in the principal studies was a sexual function questionnaire (the International Index of Erectile Function - IIEF) administered during a 4-week treatment-free run-in period, at baseline, at follow-up visits, and at the end of double-blind, placebo-controlled, at-home treatment. Two of the questions from the IIEF served as primary study endpoints; categorical responses were elicited to questions about (1) the ability to achieve erections sufficient for sexual intercourse and (2) the maintenance of erections after penetration. The patient addressed both questions at the final visit for the last 4 weeks of the study. The possible categorical responses to these questions were (0) no attempted intercourse, (1) never or almost never, (2) a few times, (3) sometimes, (4) most times, and (5) almost always or always. Also collected as part of the IIEF was information about other aspects of sexual function, including information on erectile function, orgasm, desire, satisfaction with intercourse, and overall sexual satisfaction. The pattern of responses was similar for the other principal question, the ability to achieve an erection sufficient for intercourse. The titration studies, in which most patients received 100 mg, showed similar results. Figure 6 shows that regardless of the baseline levels of function, subsequent function in patients treated with sildenafil tablets were better than that seen in patients treated with placebo. At the same time, on-treatment function white sildenafil tablets was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline.Effect of sildenafil tablets on Maintenance of Erection byBaseline ScoreEffect of Placebo on Maintenance of Erection byBaseline ScoreFigure 6.
| Country | Approved Use | Prescription Required | Maximum Allowed Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Erectile Dysfunction | Yes | 100mg tablet max | 200mg often not approved OTC |
| European Union | Erectile Dysfunction | Yes | 100mg per dose | 200mg used only under medical supervision |
| Australia | Pulmonary Hypertension | Yes | Up to 200mg daily | Under special prescription |
| India | Both Uses | Yes | 200mg dose | Commonly available in pharmacies |
Effect of sildenafil tablets and Placebo onMaintenance of Erection by Baseline Score.The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7.
5.6 Adverse Reactions with the Concomitant Use of Ritonavir
Sexual function data were also recorded by patients in a daily diary. In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered.Efficacy Results from Controlled Clinical StudiesThe effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. Results with all doses have been pooled, but scores showed greater improvement at the 50 and 100 mg doses than at 25 mg. The pattern of responses was similar for the other principal question, the ability to achieve an erection sufficient for intercourse. The titration studies, in which most patients received 100 mg, showed similar results.
How is sildenafil supplied (dosage forms)?
Figure 6 shows that regardless of the baseline levels of function, subsequent function in patients treated with sildenafil tablets were better than that seen in patients treated with placebo. At the same time, on-treatment function white sildenafil tablets was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline.Effect of sildenafil tablets on Maintenance of Erection byBaseline ScoreEffect of Placebo on Maintenance of Erection byBaseline ScoreFigure 6. Effect of sildenafil tablets and Placebo onMaintenance of Erection by Baseline Score.The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7. These patients had erectile dysfunction at baseline that was characterized by median categorical scores of 2 (a few times) on principal IIEF questions. Erectile dysfunction was attributed to organic (58%; generally not characterized, but including diabetes and excluding spinal cord injury), psychogenic (17%), or mixed (24%) etiologies. These patients had erectile dysfunction at baseline that was characterized by median categorical scores of 2 (a few times) on principal IIEF questions. Erectile dysfunction was attributed to organic (58%; generally not characterized, but including diabetes and excluding spinal cord injury), psychogenic (17%), or mixed (24%) etiologies. Sixty-three percent, 74%, and 82% of the patients on 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of sildenafil tablets, respectively, reported an improvement in their erections, compared to 24% on placebo.
5.1 Cardiovascular
3. Global Presence & Supply Chain Support
In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar.Overall treatment p<0.0001Figure 7. Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections.The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period.In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of sildenafil tablets on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50-100 mg of sildenafil tablets vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on sildenafil tablets vs about 20% on placebo.During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness.
5.5 Hypotension when Co-administered with Alpha-blockers or Anti-hypertensives
Diary data indicated that on sildenafil tablets, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo.One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of sildenafil tablets. On a global improvement question, 83% of patients reported improved erections on sildenafil tablets versus 12% on placebo.
Sildenafil Tablets or Oral Suspension for PAH
At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that sildenafil tablets improved their erections.Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF. Sildenafil tablets improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction.One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). As in the other titration studies, patients were started on 50 mg and allowed to adjust the dose up to 100 mg or down to 25 mg of sildenafil tablets; all patients, however, were receiving 50 mg or 100 mg at the end of the study. There were highly statistically significant improvements on the two principal IIEF questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) on sildenafil tablets compared to placebo. On a global improvement question, 57% of sildenafil tablets patients reported improved erections versus 10% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on sildenafil tablets, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo.One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted.
4.3 Concomitant Guanylate Cyclase (GC) Stimulators
Sixty-three percent, 74%, and 82% of the patients on 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of sildenafil tablets, respectively, reported an improvement in their erections, compared to 24% on placebo. In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar.Overall treatment p<0.0001Figure 7. Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections.The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period.In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of sildenafil tablets on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50-100 mg of sildenafil tablets vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on sildenafil tablets vs about 20% on placebo.During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness.
Revatio Injection
At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that sildenafil tablets improved their erections.Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF. Sildenafil tablets improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction.One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). As in the other titration studies, patients were started on 50 mg and allowed to adjust the dose up to 100 mg or down to 25 mg of sildenafil tablets; all patients, however, were receiving 50 mg or 100 mg at the end of the study. There were highly statistically significant improvements on the two principal IIEF questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) on sildenafil tablets compared to placebo. On a global improvement question, 57% of sildenafil tablets patients reported improved erections versus 10% on placebo. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of sildenafil tablets.
- Regular monitoring may be necessary when using high doses of sildenafil citrate.
- Sildenafil citrate can cause side effects like low blood pressure and headache.
- Discontinue use and seek medical attention if adverse reactions are severe or persistent.
On a global improvement question, 83% of patients reported improved erections on sildenafil tablets versus 12% on placebo.
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